As marijuana use becomes more widespread, both medically and recreationally, questions have emerged regarding its long-term effects on brain health. While cannabis is often considered a low-risk or therapeutic substance, researchers have been prompted to investigate its potential impact on memory, cognition, and aging.
One area of growing interest is whether regular cannabis use may be associated with an increased risk of dementia, particularly among older adults. This article reviews the current scientific evidence and considers the implications for long-term cognitive function.
What Is Dementia?
Dementia is a general term for brain conditions that affect memory, thinking, and daily activities. The most well-known form is Alzheimer’s disease, but dementia can also include other types, like vascular dementia. These conditions usually get worse over time and can deeply affect quality of life.
Common risk factors for dementia include aging, family history, heart problems, and unhealthy habits. Now, scientists are also looking at how substance use, like marijuana, may play a role. Understanding these risks is key to protecting brain health as we age.
Cannabis Use Among Older Adults
Cannabis use is no longer just common among young people. In fact, use among adults over 65 has grown quickly, from less than 1% in 2005 to about 7% in 2023. Many older adults use marijuana to manage chronic pain, anxiety, or sleep issues.
But even though cannabis is often viewed as safe or natural, there are real concerns. Older brains are more sensitive to substances like THC (the psychoactive compound in cannabis). At the same time, emergency room visits and hospitalizations due to cannabis have also increased, which raises red flags about its long-term effects.
Connection Between Cannabis and Dementia Risk
A major study from Ontario, Canada followed over 6 million people aged 45 and older between 2008 and 2021. It found that those who needed emergency care due to cannabis use were 72% more likely to develop dementia within the next five to ten years, compared to the general population.
Even when researchers adjusted for other factors like alcohol use, tobacco use, and existing health problems, the increased risk of dementia stayed the same. After ten years, 19% of people with cannabis-related hospital visits had been diagnosed with dementia, compared to only 5.5% of people without such visits. These numbers point to a clear connection between cannabis use and later dementia diagnosis.
How Marijuana Affects the Brain
Cannabis affects parts of the brain involved in memory and learning, especially the hippocampus, one of the first regions impacted by Alzheimer’s disease. Long-term or heavy marijuana use has been linked to smaller hippocampal size and structural changes in the brain that can impair cognitive function. THC, the main psychoactive compound in cannabis, may also increase inflammation, reduce blood flow, and raise the risk of stroke or high blood pressure, all of which are known risk factors for dementia.
In addition, cannabis use can contribute to mental health issues like depression and anxiety, which may further accelerate cognitive decline. In some cases, intoxication may lead to falls or head injuries, both of which are associated with neurodegenerative conditions. For individuals struggling with chronic or problematic use, seeking expert treatment for marijuana addiction in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, can be a vital step toward protecting long-term brain health and preventing further harm.
Who’s Most at Risk?
People most at risk include adults 45 and older, especially those who use cannabis heavily or have a history of cannabis use disorder. If someone ends up in the hospital due to marijuana, their risk of being diagnosed with dementia within the next few years is significantly higher.
The risk is even greater for those with heart conditions, mental illness, or a family history of dementia. As we age, our brains become more sensitive to outside substances, so regular marijuana use could carry more serious risks than people realize.
Can Cannabis Help with Dementia Symptoms?
Some early research has explored whether medical cannabis, especially with higher CBD and lower THC, can help treat symptoms like agitation, insomnia, or anxiety in people who already have dementia. Although such small studies show possible benefits, the evidence is still weak.
More importantly, cannabis may cause dangerous side effects in older adults, such as confusion, dizziness, or excessive sedation. Until more research is done, experts advise caution when using marijuana for any kind of dementia treatment.
Final Thoughts from Radix Recovery
While the link between cannabis use and dementia is still being studied, recent findings suggest that heavy or long-term marijuana use—especially among older adults—may raise the risk of cognitive decline. Occasional or medical use may carry fewer risks, but consistent use tied to hospital visits is a growing concern.
If you’re noticing memory or focus issues related to cannabis, a professional assessment can help. At Radix Recovery we offer evidence-based marijuana addiction treatment in Cedar Rapids, which will not only help you overcome substance abuse but will consequently support brain health and long-term recovery.
