Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is a condition or syndrome characterized by recurrent severe nausea and vomiting linked to chronic cannabis use. Although cannabis is commonly used for its calming effects, the condition presents a paradox where long-term use leads to intense gastrointestinal distress. Understanding the stages of CHS is essential for recognizing the syndrome and pursuing effective treatment.
This article will explain the three stages of CHS, detailing their characteristic symptoms and what patients with the disorder can expect. It will also explore the importance of cessation of cannabis use as the primary treatment for this syndrome.
Stage 1: Prodromal Phase
The prodromal phase of CHS usually involves the onset of mild symptoms such as nausea, occasional vomiting, and abdominal discomfort. People often experience a fear of vomiting but continue their cannabis use, as some believe that weed helps relieve nausea. During this phase, which can last for months or even years, its symptoms may be mild and cyclical, and patients may not yet realize they have a problem related to marijuana use.
Chronic cannabis use continues, and this phase is sometimes confused with cyclic vomiting syndrome in adults. The exact cause of CHS remains unclear, but it is believed that THC and other cannabinoids bind to cannabinoid receptors in the brain and gut in ways that paradoxically trigger these symptoms. The individual sometimes goes for years without having any problems. Importantly, the prodromal phase offers a window for diagnosis and treatment if patients are evaluated for their history of weed use and symptoms of nausea and vomiting.
If you are a cannabis user experiencing symptoms of nausea and vomiting or have been diagnosed with the condition, enrolling in a marijuana addiction treatment program will provide you with medical and therapeutic assistance tailored to your needs.
Stage 2: Hyperemetic Phase
The hyperemetic phase of CHS is marked by severe bouts of nausea and repeated vomiting, often accompanied by intense abdominal pain and dehydration. Patients diagnosed with CHS typically present with cyclical vomiting that can lead to emergency medical visits. This phase usually lasts from hours to several days and is characterized by severe nausea and vomiting that fail to respond to typical antiemetic treatments.
One of the most distinctive features of this phase is the compulsive hot showering or baths to relieve symptoms. Many patients find that hot showers temporarily reduce their nausea and abdominal discomfort. This symptom is so characteristic that it helps distinguish CHS from other causes of vomiting, including cyclic vomiting syndrome.
Complications may include dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and esophageal injury from repeated vomiting. Diagnosis of nausea and vomiting during this phase requires ruling out other causes and applying the diagnostic criteria for the disorder, which often includes a history of long-term use of the drug and cyclical vomiting in association with cannabis.
Stage 3: Recovery Phase
The recovery phase begins when the patient stops using marijuana, which is currently the only known cure for CHS. Cessation leads to an eventual reduction in vomiting episodes and nausea, and symptoms typically resolve during this phase.
However, the recovery phase can last for months, and sustained abstinence is necessary to prevent relapse and the return of its symptoms. Patients in recovery need support through outpatient treatment options that include counseling on cannabis use disorder and education about the risks of resuming weed use.
For many, this phase marks a significant improvement in quality of life, with the gradual disappearance of abdominal pain and hyperemesis. Continued use of this drug can cause a recurrence of symptoms and precipitate the hyperemetic phase again, making cessation of cannabis a critical step in treating the condition.
Final Thoughts from Radix Recovery
While the exact cause of CHS remains uncertain, the risk of developing the disorder is linked to long-term cannabis use, and the standard treatment is the cessation, which helps relieve symptoms and prevent complications. Early diagnosis and education can help prevent the adverse outcomes of this vomiting syndrome and support patients in achieving sustained recovery.
At Radix Recovery our marijuana addiction treatment program in Cedar Rapids, IO, provides personalized care, evidence-based therapies, and a compassionate environment designed to support your unique journey. Our experienced team is committed to guiding you through each stage of recovery—addressing cravings, managing withdrawal symptoms, and uncovering the underlying causes of your cannabis dependence.
